mothers and fathers and analyzes whether gender gaps in occupational status are more extreme for immigrant populations. Using … between mothers’ and fathers’ probabilities of employment in the highest status jobs is shrinking over time in Germany …, particularly for immigrant mothers, Germany’s gender gaps in professional occupations are consistently larger than gaps in the US. [...] …

mothers with young children and females without children. The second step of the analysis entails four different measures with … inequality, more concentrated wage bargaining, and higher rate of unionization, mothers are relatively more penalized in monetary …

the income packages of lone mothers, 2) the proportion of lone mothers receiving child maintenance and the level of child … UK, labour income is an important source of income for lone mothers and less than 40 percent of income comes from social … transfers. Child maintenance contributes significantly to the income of lone mothers, particularly in Spain, followed by the USA …