A simple model of offshoring is used to integrate the complex gallery of results that exist in the theoretical … offshoring/fragmentation literature. The paper depicts offshoring as ‘shadow migration’ and shows that this allows … conditions are provided). We show that offshoring requires modification of the four HO theorems, so econometricians who ignore …

In this paper, we review recent developments in the field of outsourcing and offshoring and the implications for … engineering management. We examine three aspects involved in outsourcing and offshoring, namely, sourcing models, coordination …

and wages at the beginning of their careers. After an initial employment period, only the best non-affiliates find future …