There is emerging evidence to suggest that initial differentials between the health of poor and more affluent children … in the UK do not widen over early childhood. One reason may be that through the universal public funded health care … access has an impact on their health at birth and on their health during early childhood. The results suggest that children …

levels which are believed not to be harmful to health. We assess whether this view is correct. We use data at local authority …-invariant associations at local authority level between high levels of pollution and poor population health and estimate multi …