This paper tests if gender-discrimination in grading affects pupils' achievements and course choices. I use a unique … from a substantive positive discrimination in math but not in French. This bias is not explained by girls' better behavior … to show that classes in which teachers present a high degree of discrimination in favor of girls are also classes in …

This paper assesses whether racial prejudice and labour market discrimination is counter-cyclical. This may occur if … prejudice and discrimination are partly driven by competition over scarce resources, which intensifies during periods of …

or currencies) and discrimination (failure to enable, recognize, or act consistently upon, the presentation of currencies … construed, or misconstrued. A typology of discrimination is described, along with its potential exclusory outcomes. Yet, changes …

findings on gender discrimination, and while they have identified a bias against hiring women in some labor market segments …, the discrimination detected in field experiments is less pervasive than that implied by the regression approach …