import demand functions with reference to Pakistan’s trading partners. We use GARCH-based exchange rate volatilities and the … with that of the short run. The results show that, when Pakistan employed the US dollar as the vehicle currency with its … remained unaffected by volatility distortions when Pakistan traded with its developing partners using bilateral exchange rates …

This article argues that a new growth vent in Pakistan requires tapping into external lucrative markets in a manner …

Pakistan. The paper discusses the various preferential trade agreements Pakistan has already signed. It notes that, with the … exception of its trade agreement with China, Pakistan has not succeeded in concluding preferential trading arrangements with any … Council (GCC). The South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) could potentially be of considerable importance for Pakistan’s long …

Pakistan. The paper discusses the various preferential trade agreements Pakistan has already signed. It notes that, with the … exception of its trade agreement with China, Pakistan has not succeeded in concluding preferential trading arrangements with any … Council (GCC). The South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) could potentially be of considerable importance for Pakistan’s long …

The main objective of this study is to investigate how access to modern marketing channels impacts the efficiency of …-on regression analysis support the hypothesis that the access to modern marketing channels, where payment for fresh milk is based on …

This article shows how institutional quality can affect the relationship between trade and growth. Our model looks at … institutions gain more (in terms of growth) from trade than countries with weak institutions, due to the effect of institutions on … trade policy. It is also possible to show that the quality of institutions in one country can spill over into another by …

well as in the short run for Pakistan. To measure trade liberalization, we used standard indices of trade openness …In this paper, we have addressed a key issue in the current debate on economic development: the effect of trade … liberalization on poverty. We investigated the relationship between trade liberalization and poverty levels both in the long run as …