This paper looks at the case of Pakistan’s decentralization reform of 2001– 09 and its impact on civil service … political and fiscal decentralization for service delivery in Pakistan. …

This paper investigates the relationship between human capital and economic growth in Pakistan with aggregate time … schooling in Pakistan than in OECD economies is consistent with very substantial education under-investment in Pakistan … estimated to have accounted for just under one-fifth of the increase in Pakistan’s GDP per head. Since the 1990s, the impact of …

One of the most critical challenges Pakistan faces today is the need to improve and expand its education system. With … of the majority of the population. Punjab, Pakistan's largest province, has taken several education reform initiatives to …

be the case that either is appropriate for every service and with every government regardless of its capability to the … exclusion of the other. In every case, policy makers need to ask “how can the government improve the well-being of citizens with … outlines how limitations of the market can be matched to appropriate interventions by government as it actually performs, not …

This paper investigates the economic (i.e., labor market) outcomes of “training” for individuals in Pakistan. The labor … market benefits of general education have been relatively well explored in the literature and specifically in Pakistan. They …,000 households in Pakistan, collected in 2007. Multinomial logit estimates of occupational attainment show how training determines …

import demand functions with reference to Pakistan’s trading partners. We use GARCH-based exchange rate volatilities and the … with that of the short run. The results show that, when Pakistan employed the US dollar as the vehicle currency with its … remained unaffected by volatility distortions when Pakistan traded with its developing partners using bilateral exchange rates …

This paper analyzes Pakistan’s energy sector issues and highlights (i) the importance of the link between energy and …) ranking of primary energy sources for Pakistan is estimated. This estimate is at the low end of the cost spectrum because … classic pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide—in Pakistan are significantly higher than in Europe or the …

regionalapple markets of Pakistan using cointegration analysis and monthly wholesale price data from January, 1996 to December, 2005 … integration observed in this case is consistent with view that apple markets in Pakistan are quite competitive and provide little … justification for government intervention designed to improve competitiveness to enhance market efficiency. …