[...]This paper surveys the research on boards of directors in theeconomics and finance literature. Boards of directors are aneconomic institution that, in theory, helps to solve the agencyproblems inherent in managing an organization. Althoughboards satisfy numerous regulatory requirements,...

The Rise Of Britain’s Fiscal Naval StateIn outline (if not in the chronological detail required for a complete and satisfactory historical narrative) the reasons why the United Kingdom evolved between the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the Congress of Vienna of 1815, into the most powerful...

This paper explores the emergence of a business culture among merchants and entrepreneurs in the Ionian Islands during the period of British rule (1815-1864). New forms of business organisation (the joint-stock company), and novel commercial practices, such as advertising, represent examples of...

This paper is about low-income neighbourhoods, their organisation andmanagement. It is not a study in deprivation, but is about problem-solving,about the reforms in delivery underway in Britain, about long run attempts tochange neighbourhood conditions and environments, about the central role...

Liberalization and deregulation have recently accelerated.It is therefore useful to keep risk within a certain level inrelation to capital, considering that financial institutionsmust control their risk appropriately to maintain thesafety and soundness of their operation. In 1988, the...