The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge upon the proxies for federalism used. In this paper, we critically survey...

This paper studies correlates and determinants of direct democracy institutions (DDIs), such as referendums and initiatives, based on the premise that constitutions themselves are endogenous. Our sample covers as many as 132 countries from 1950 to 2006. We find that the likelihood that a country...

Die jüngst von Bayern und Hessen eingereichte Verfassungsbeschwerde gegen den bundesstaatlichen Finanzausgleich zielt im Kern auf die ungleiche Verteilung der Finanzierungslasten zwischen den Ländern im Rahmen des bestehenden Ausgleichssystems. Sollen die Finanzausgleichslasten umfassend...

In Germany there is a political consensus that the economic and fiscal burden of the German reunification should be shared by all three jurisdictional levels of the federal system. According to existing law, the burden-sharing between the state and local authorities has to be confined to the...