is very important. For our research we made use of the EPO (European Patent Office) database on patents. We used the … number of forward patent citations per patent to identify radical from non-radical inventions. For our analysis we used the … backward patent citations per patent. In order to test if the two groups we are considering are truly different and to see on …

advance the notion of quadic patent family, defined as a patent family that consists of patent applications at the European … Patent Office, the Japanese Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the national patent office of a … a sample of 38 countries. Our results indicate that quadic patent applications are driven by the need for accessing …