In this paper we outline (i) why sigma-convergence may not accompany beta-convergence, (ii) discuss evidence of beta-convergence … sigma-convergence cannot be detected at the county-level across the U.S., or within the large majority of the individual U …

-IV estimation method, we find that the convergence rates for 32 individual states are above 2 percent, with an average of 8 ….1 percent. For 7 states the convergence rate can be rejected as identical to at least one other state’s convergence rate with 95 … percent confidence. Convergence rates are negatively correlated with initial income. The size of government at all levels of …