European countries. As a whole, Europe is lagging behind in its ability to generate, organise, and sustain innovation processes … position of the US as a locus of innovation in pharmaceuticals has increased over the past decade compared to Europe. All in …) Intellectual property rights and patent law; 4) The institutional settings in the regulation of health care systems and, moreover …

the 1990s. This enabled us to characterise several features of the innovation process in pharmaceuticals, particularly the …

innovation in medical devices on health costs and expenditure; b) the innovativeness of the European medical device industry; c …