). The first part of this paper introduces different patent-policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic … empirical evidence on the effects of patent rights. Then, the second part considers the international aspects of IPR protection …. In summary, this survey draws the following conclusions from the literature. Firstly, different patent-policy instruments …

This study develops a Schumpeterian growth model to analyze the effects of different patent instruments on innovation …. We first analyze patent breadth that captures the traditional positive effect of patent rights on innovation. Then, we … proposed negative effect of patent rights on innovation. Finally, blocking patents generate a non-monotonic effect on …

of two patent instruments (a) the patentability of basic R&D and (b) the division of profi�t between basic and applied … negative effect or an inverted-U effect on technological progress. Nonetheless, a benevolent patent authority requires both … patent instruments to achieve the socially optimal allocation in the decentralized economy. …

debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. We analyze the effects of patent protection in the form … of blocking patents. We show that patent protection changes the direction of innovation by having asymmetric effects on …This study develops an R&D-based growth model with vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light on the current …

on the current debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. Specifically, we analyze the growth … ladder. We show that patent protection has asymmetric effects on vertical innovation (i.e., quality improvement) and …This study develops an R&D-based growth model that features both vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light …

To analyze the welfare gain from allowing for differentiated patent protection across sectors, this study develops a … two-sector quality-ladder growth model in which patent breadth is a policy variable and derives the optimal patent breadth … under two policy regimes. We show that (i) the optimal uniform patent breadth is a weighted average of the optimal sector …

growth in the developing country is driven by domestic innovation as well as imitation and transfer of foreign technologies … implements strong IPR protection to encourage domestic innovation. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that supports this …

How does patent policy affect long-run economic growth through the population growth rate? To analyze this question, we …. We find that strengthening patent protection has a surprisingly negative effect on technological progress in the long run … of patent policy on long-run growth. …