). The first part of this paper introduces different patent-policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic … empirical evidence on the effects of patent rights. Then, the second part considers the international aspects of IPR protection …. In summary, this survey draws the following conclusions from the literature. Firstly, different patent-policy instruments …

This study develops a Schumpeterian growth model to analyze the effects of different patent instruments on innovation …. We first analyze patent breadth that captures the traditional positive effect of patent rights on innovation. Then, we … proposed negative effect of patent rights on innovation. Finally, blocking patents generate a non-monotonic effect on …

of two patent instruments (a) the patentability of basic R&D and (b) the division of profi�t between basic and applied … negative effect or an inverted-U effect on technological progress. Nonetheless, a benevolent patent authority requires both … patent instruments to achieve the socially optimal allocation in the decentralized economy. …

debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. We analyze the effects of patent protection in the form … of blocking patents. We show that patent protection changes the direction of innovation by having asymmetric effects on …This study develops an R&D-based growth model with vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light on the current …

on the current debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. Specifically, we analyze the growth … ladder. We show that patent protection has asymmetric effects on vertical innovation (i.e., quality improvement) and …This study develops an R&D-based growth model that features both vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light …

keeping the peace between users of old and new technologies are allowed to call the shots, innovation and the modern world is …

of a country grows over time as a function of three main factors: its innovation intensity, its technological … up have generally improved, the increasing innovation gap represents a major factor behind the observed differences in …

the second scenario. Such conditions imply the existence of an inverse-U shaped relationship between innovation and …

incentives for innovation in Russian companies taking into account the organization of industries — vertical or horizontal … vertically organized sectors that define innovation activeness in the economy (for example, mechanical engineering), the …