In this paper a case study is presented to propose an alternative mechanism to include the impact of climate change into the hydropower projects’ feasibility valuation. We started from an independent engineer historical energy generation simulations; therefore, applying mixing unconditional...

In this paper we estimated not-overlapped monthly historic standard deviations of the S&P 500 Index returns for the period 1950 – 2009, then using extreme value theory we defined extreme volatility events and introduced an alternative “fear scale” that is compared with the “fear index”.