to the reference value around 4.5%. As a result of the policy, during the last ten years unemployment in France was twice …A linear and lagged relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate, π(t)=A0UE(t-t0)+A1dLF …. The relationship obtained for France is characterized by A0=-1, A1=4, A2=0.095, t0=4 years, and t1=4 years. For GDP …

just those at the point of retirement, this approach can provide additional insights on the efficacy of pension systems in … individuals above the 60% relative poverty threshold throughout retirement. Our simulations suggest that the gradual negative … lengthening of the time spent in receipt of retirement benefits. The consumption smoothing function of state pensions has declined …

of retirement, as it uses pension wealth - the value of all transfers during retirement. This captures the impact of both … longevity and changes in the value of pensions during retirement. Moreover, rather than focusing only on average earners with … offset by longer retirement. Though reforms have helped address the financial challenge faced by pension systems, in many …

pension benefits through retirement) calculated using more realistic labour market assumptions. These measures are used to …

hypothetical cases. By focusing on all prospective pension transfers rather than just those at the point of retirement, this …