This second edition of Pensions at a Glance updates all the important indicators of retirement-income systems developed …’ pension regimes. The report starts by showing the different schemes that together make up national retirement income provision … debates. Finally, the report provides detailed background information on each of the 30 countries’ retirement …

to the reference value around 4.5%. As a result of the policy, during the last ten years unemployment in France was twice …A linear and lagged relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate, π(t)=A0UE(t-t0)+A1dLF …. The relationship obtained for France is characterized by A0=-1, A1=4, A2=0.095, t0=4 years, and t1=4 years. For GDP …

their populations and re-balance retirement income provision to keep it adequate and ensure that the retirement income … countries be able to pay for the promises they are making? There are no simple answers to these questions. National retirement …-income systems are complex and pension benefits depend on a wide range of factors. Differences in retirement ages, benefit …

to guarantee adequate future retirement incomes. …

Economic growth and unemployment exhibit an ambiguous relationship – according to empirical studies. This ambiguity can …, unemployment may be absorbed by underground firms, which adopt backward technology, at the cost of reduced economic growth …. Alternatively, unemployment diminishes because productivity grows by employing workers who prefer to become skilled, and thus not to …

evasion and unemployment. This paper shows that the firm's decision to evade taxes also depends on trust in tax authorities …, and affects one of the most important macroeconomic variables: the unemployment rate. Also, the model is able to mimic the … and a reduction of tax evasion may decrease unemployment. …

, price inflation, labor force participation, productivity, and unemployment. The evolution of real GDP depends only on …

Using an analog of the boundary element method in engineering and science, we analyze and model unemployment rate in … force. Originally, the model linking unemployment to inflation and labor force was developed and successfully tested for … Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Autoregressive properties of neither of these variables are …

policies and to study the problem of unemployment. These notes mean to provide an exhaustive introduction to the study of the …