This second edition of Pensions at a Glance updates all the important indicators of retirement-income systems developed …’ pension regimes. The report starts by showing the different schemes that together make up national retirement income provision … debates. Finally, the report provides detailed background information on each of the 30 countries’ retirement …

to the reference value around 4.5%. As a result of the policy, during the last ten years unemployment in France was twice …A linear and lagged relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate, π(t)=A0UE(t-t0)+A1dLF …. The relationship obtained for France is characterized by A0=-1, A1=4, A2=0.095, t0=4 years, and t1=4 years. For GDP …

country in the world system from 1980 onwards with economic growth (World Bank data series), unemployment (ILO data series … explaining economic growth, full employment and reductions of unemployment over time in Europe’s over 300 different regions. The … shows, can lead to a circulus vi-ciosus of stagnation and unemployment under the conditions of globalization. …

Many of Asia‟s retirement-income systems are ill prepared for the rapid population ageing that will occur over the next … ensure that they are financially sustainable and provide adequate retirement incomes. In some countries – China, Vietnam …, Pakistan, Chinese Taipei – pension levels are high relative to earnings. Early retirement ages, especially for women, provide …

The object of this paper is to examine the impact of type of pension scheme on retirement behaviour. The well … persistent unemployment, especially in Europe — and a supply effect — pension benefits and the value of other savings have … retirement behaviour. The paper presents a model of a simple (defined contribution) pension plan and looks at the optimal …

demography persists, benefit promises are out of line with contribution rates and retirement ages. This book puts forward a …

their populations and re-balance retirement income provision to keep it adequate and ensure that the retirement income … countries be able to pay for the promises they are making? There are no simple answers to these questions. National retirement …-income systems are complex and pension benefits depend on a wide range of factors. Differences in retirement ages, benefit …