This article presents Turkey-Europe relations starting with the 19th century up to the present day with a view to … understanding the developments that shaped current EU policies toward Turkey. It also pays special attention to the Turkey …-EU Customs Union Decision. After making an overall assessment, the author makes some suggestions concerning Turkey's future …

This paper investigates the effect of the customs union between Turkey and the European Union on the balance of trade … in Turkey. The framework for analysis is an extended trade gravity model onto which the impact of the customs union is … in Turkey – 1980-1995 and 1996-2012, respectively – as well as for the full period – 1980-2012. The main conclusion is …