dispensing equipment, the immediate predecessor to the ATM. At the simplest level, at least four separate instance of innovation … than an understanding of the process of innovation itself and how these competing families developed into the modern … conception of an ATM. Our research supports the view of user-driven innovation as surviving business records and oral histories …

studying institutions and technological innovation and examining how human capital and institutional constraints affect the …

opportunity cost of cash holdings leads to a decrease in innovation and economic growth, which in turn decreases labor …

Domestic Innovation (GDI) to quantify innovations in OECD countries. It will supplement universal measures such as the Gross …

IPR protection and innovation, but the evidence is stronger for developed countries than for developing countries. Thirdly …, the optimal level of IPR protection should tradeoff the social benefits of enhanced innovation against the social costs of …

This study develops a Schumpeterian growth model to analyze the effects of different patent instruments on innovation …. We first analyze patent breadth that captures the traditional positive effect of patent rights on innovation. Then, we … assigned to incumbents reduces entrants' incentives for innovation. This aspect of blocking patents captures the recently …

This study develops an R&D-based growth model with vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light on the current … debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. We analyze the effects of patent protection in the form … of blocking patents. We show that patent protection changes the direction of innovation by having asymmetric effects on …