Monetary policy has become difficult to characterize or follow since 2007. A debate as to whether interest rate targets or monetary aggregate targets are better indicators of policy and prospective outcomes has given way to a new credit policy built on inflating the Federal Reserve (Fed) balance...

An alternative theoretical setting is presented to characterise the money demand and the monetary equilibrium. Two main hypotheses are stated that contradict the assumptions normally sustained by scholars and policy-makers: National output is assumed to be a random variable, and people are...

In order to protect its stakeholders and clients interests, a bank assumes a cautious credit risk profile, correlated to the objectives established in its business strategy. This article presents the credit risk profile and the analysis of the factors involved in the estimation of the...

The new generation of credit programs directed at small borrowers emphasizes financial sustainability. Based on anecdotal information (especially from microfinance experiences), proponents of cost recovery claim that raising formal lending rates would have a minimal impact on borrowing. Rigorous...

The normative approach is a conspicuous feature of economic literature dealing with socialist planning. As against that, the authors follow a descriptive approach: they formulate rules about the behaviour of planners by examining the Hungarian medium-term plans and the annual plans of the past...

This article was published in the Czech Journal “Plánované hospodářství” in 1967. This was the time of rapid changes both in the Czechoslovak economic and political theory as well as in actual economic and political systems that culminated in the “Prague Spring” of 1968. These...

We survey 500 business firms about the initial capital and its adequacy for business startup, how much the banking system meets the needs of business firms for loans, need for new sources of financing, if businesses possess sufficient information regarding the capital market, whether the lack of...

In this paper we treat economic and legal advantages to firms in business financing through the issuance of bonds. Besides theoretical analysis paper includes the empirical analysis, a survey conducted in 50 businesses, including individual businesses and corporations, about the types of...

A hot topic among Islamic economists is the debt versus equity debate. Which of the two are more in line with justice and equality? Which of them is more productive in fulfilling the greater objectives of the Shariah? This paper is divided into sections. After the introduction, it is followed by...