The paper evaluates the present and future international currency status of the US dollar, the euro and the yen. In section two the functions, benefits, and costs of a leading international currency are discussed. In section three key determinants for the continuous dominance of the US dollar...

Public financial management by the government is very important in view of the level of welfare in Indonesia is still low, as there are still much poverty with the level of fulfillment of the needs of low, corruption that occurs in every area of government, income distribution is uneven, low...

As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries with different currencies. To conduct that business, they (whether one or both parties) must pay fees for exchanging one currency for another and they must determine the exchange rate for a particular...

International monetary system made by agreement in Bretton – Woods, is widely known to be the system of fixed exchange rates with allowed +/- 1% band of oscillation. As such, it is viewed as the period of exchange rates stability. However, our analysis of Reinhart – Rogoff’s (2004)...

Using a critical analysis of the acquired data, this article mainly aims to present the currency composition of the foreign currency reserves of central banks in selected countries in the 1999-2007 period and, on this basis, to establish whether the euro stands any real chances of dethroning the...

As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries with different currencies. To conduct that business, they must pay fees for exchanging one currency for another and they must determine the exchange rate for a particular time. If the transaction is to...

The paper is focusing on the world financial framework deterioration, as an adverse cost of the accelerated globalization of international goods & capital flows. The inclining of world monetary axis towards East by the accumulation of huge international reserves (in a few Asian countries) in...

I estimate the effect of U.S. government spending and tax shocks on Canada, Japan, and the U.K. for the period 1974 through 2007. Spending and tax shocks are identified using sign restrictions on the impulse responses from a vector autoregression (VAR). I find that while spillover effects of...

This article analyses the redistributive efficiency of public spending and taxation in a panel of both advanced and developing economies during the last three decades (1984-2012). In order to explore how redistribution is achieved through fiscal policies, a two-stage approach is applied. First,...