Abstract Both Mexico and China have started export orientation in some industries, through assembly operations, based … on imported inputs a couple of decades ago. The literature on industrialization, has discussed the questions of import … substitutions and outward-orientation mainly as alternative routes to industrialization. In both cases, it is argued that “learning …

quantify the impact of international trade and trade reform for industrialization. The model features Arming- ton motivated …

For over four decades after independence in 1947, India’s industrialization took place under a regime with an extensive … industrialization between independence and the onset of liberalization in 1991 is actually marked by a combination of continuity with … the context of dynamic industrialization and structural change, which unfolded within the specific economic, social and …

policy in trade and industrialization for targeting industries and firms and provides a brief historical review of practices …