Three profound changes - the mortality, fertility and contraception transitions - characterized the Victorian era in … their fertility target at no cost. The historical experience from Victorian England is at odds with this view of costless … fertility regulation. We incorporate costly fertility limitation into the Becker paradigm: in our story, the mortality …

In the period before the onset of demographic transition, when fertility rates were positively associated with income …

. When child mortality falls from lower prevalence, as in western Europe, labor productivity improves, fertility falls and …

fertility and high mortality to one of low fertility and low mortality. Advocates of speeding the demographic transition placed … emphasis on the need of public efforts to speed up the voluntary reduction in fertility rates as rapidly as possible, arguing … government policies. Those that are against direct government intervention argue that fertility rates fall when income rises and …

of demographic transition or demographic achievements with a decline in both fertility and mortality rates and consequent …

considered to be an end product of demographic transition or demographic achievements with a decline in both fertility and …

In this paper, I build on Blackmore (2000) to propose a formal theory of demographic transition (fertility decline) and …