An alternative theoretical setting is presented to characterise the money demand and the monetary equilibrium. Two main … combining risk and cash holdings. Unlike the model of Tobin, the prices of the underlying exposures are established in actuarial …

charged to the merchants, who may be reluctant to accept cards and induce the cardholder to withdraw cash. In this paper, we … empirically verify for the first time the effect of the interchange fee on the decision to withdraw cash and compare it with that … there is a positive correlation between the cash usage and the level of the interchange fees. Accordingly, regulation of the …

This article analyses the competition between cash and payment cards against the backdrop of the dual role of central … banks - as issuers of cash and as institutions with a mandate to foster the efficiency of payment systems in general. It is …

new substitutes for cash usage, U.S. per capita currency holdings now amount to $2700. American households and businesses …

urban and rural areas. The survey results indicate a general preference for using debit and credit cards over cash. This … that on average a consumer carries about three thousand colones in cash. The survey also notes an emerging use of Internet …

considers transactions in cash and cards, covers the 2008- 2011 years and is based on the methodology applied by Bergman … stemming from cash use is high: depending of the assumptions used, our estimations suggest that they are at least as important … the social costs of using cash. Social costs per transaction are comparable to those calculated in the relevant literature …

and usage manners. Release (training) of treasury (cash-flow) is the proof of the strategic position of enterprise in …

replaced in the following. The formal point of reference is ‘the integrated approach to credit, money, income, production and …