steadily decreasing trend and fluctuations related to the change in some specific age population. The long term trend in the …

is found to contribute the minimum to the GDP trend under study. …

This paper investigates the path of genuine saving (GS) based on the perspectives of average, trend and stability. The … countries based not only on the average, but also on the trend and stability of GS path. The results of evaluating GS based on …

of shocks and provide policy advice to policymakers. Trend, unit root, and persistence are difficult to interpret. There …

This paper investigates the trend in the monthly real price of oil between 1990 and 2008 with a generalized … autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Trend and volatility are estimated jointly with the maximum likelihood … evidence supports a deterministic trend in the price of oil. The deterministic trend implies that influence of a price shock is …

The paper focuses on empirical analysis of major factors that determine innovation activities of Russian manufacturing … innovation activity of a firm, including structural characteristics (size, industry, etc.), competitive environment (intensity of … competition and type of main competitors), changes in financial position of a firm, it's pre-crisis performance and innovation …

In recent years the Russian innovation policy has made a significant progress that manifests in developing its ‘tool … kit', increasing resource base, etc. However it has not yet succeeded in improving business innovation activities that … Russian industrial enterprises the authors analyze key features of innovation in Russian companies under economic recovery, as …