The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between investment in public sector institutions and private investment in the Saudi economy by using Structural VAR model for testing the dynamic crowding-out effect during the last four decades. Three fundamental variables are mobilized:...

The public sector salaries in general, but especially in the civil administration has been and will be a topical issue, highly controversial, and with a permanent presence in the media. This article presents the developments that took place in wages of Eastern European public servants as a...

International development agencies are increasingly looking to business as a partner in achieving development outcomes. Engaging business in development has become a central plank of many countries’ aid policies. However, the potential of public-private partnerships for development is still...

The Private Sector Development Project (PSDP) was a culmination of the renewed commitment of the Government of Ghana to accelerate the pace of development of Ghana’s private sector. The project was also a direct result of the Business Community’s own assessment of Lingering issues which...

The initial theories of investment have emphasized the role of reduction of interest rate and increase in output for encouraging private investment. But there are ample grounds for doubting these theories. As a result, researchers have recently emphasized the importance of uncertainty in...

Those advocating “government as employer of last resort schemes” (ELR) nearly always assume, first, that “ELR employers” should be specially set up to employ those out of work, i.e. that these projects or “employers” should be separate from existing public sector employers. A second...

As by product of economic growth, jobs are indeed transformational. In other words, efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do (as more productive jobs appear and less productive one disappear). In fact societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibilities and problems for establishment of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Saudi Arabia. The paper explores the nature and concept of CSR, particularly in Saudi Arabia. As well as studying the activation of the corporate social...

We assess the effects from the industrial policy of growing state-controlled national champions on the Russian banking system, its concentration and competitiveness. Some light is shed on comparative financial performance of state-controlled banks versus other market participants. We also show...

The purpose of this note is to provide guidance to Bank staff on the sources of evidence available to inform the assessment of the governance rating and thereby reduce the scope for subjectivity of the annual CPA exercise. It is designed in particular for Country Economists responsible for the...