substitution models of Peterka and Marchetti-Nakiæenoviæ are presented. In the second section, we describe an evolutionary model of …

, introduction of minimum prices and substitution of low-quality drinks with high-quality food and drinks were to be employed, and if …

As is the case with capital-energy substitution, interfuel substitutability has been of longstanding interest to the …. This paper fills this gap by analyzing a broad sample of studies of interfuel substitution in the industrial sector … for the shadow elasticity of substitution between coal, oil, gas, and electricity for forty-five primary studies show that …

The Hicks or direct elasticity of substitution is traditionally derived from the production function. This paper … Shadow Elasticity of Substitution. The new elasticity is more general than the traditional one as it can handle situations of … Complementarity in the same way that the Shadow Elasticity of Substitution is related to the Morishima and Allen-Uzawa Elasticities of …

) confirm the existence of the substitution effect between these loans. Restrictive monetary policy leads to a decrease in …

substitution of capital for labour in almost all states. In the pre-globalization period the industries experienced increasing …

This paper develops a classification scheme of the many different definitions of elasticities of substitution and … complementarity in the production case based on duality, gross and net substitution, elasticity type, and four different basic … concepts of substitution and complementarity is developed. The classic Berndt-Wood dataset is used to show how the various …