The energy sector is assuming an increasing importance in the global economy. As a consequence, there is a vast literature on the causal relation between energy use and others economic variables. In this paper, I investigate the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth...

The paper investigates the impact of the real exchange rate on non-oil exports in Azerbaijan by applying Vector Error Correction Model. The estimation results suggest that real exchange rate of manat has negative impact on non-oil export performance while non-oil GDP affects positively in the...

This paper investigates causal links between economic growth, oil consumption and natural gas usage in Poland on the basis of quarterly data for the period Q1 2000 – Q4 2009. The application of the Toda–Yamamoto procedure, a nonlinear Granger causality test, bootstrap techniques and an...