This study deals with the problem of measuring the real exchange rate (RER). We consider four aspects of this measurement problem: (a) Using end- of- period or period averages of the nominal exchange rate. (b) Choosing price indexes. (c) In obtaining the real effective exchange rates (REER),...

This study deals with the problem of measuring the real exchange rate (RER). We consider four aspects of this measurement problem: (a) Using end- of- period or period averages of the nominal exchange rate. (b) Choosing price indexes. (c) In obtaining the real effective exchange rates (REER),...

This study deals with the problem of measuring the real exchange rate (RER). We consider four aspects of this measurement problem: (a) Using end-of-period or period averages of the nominal exchange rate. (b) Choosing price indexes. (c) In obtaining the real effective exchange rates (REER),...

The influence of exchange rate signals in an economy is very powerful and often pervasive. Moreover, sustained real exchange rate overvaluation, will, by distorting resource allocation away from productive activities, eventually lead to drastic adjustments of relative prices and reduction of...

Abstract This is the 2008 Edition of one of only two book in print in the world about the Single Global Currency, and is the only book in the world priced in 141 currencies (down from 147 in the 2006 edition.).This number is significant, as it's the number of currencies required among the 192...

This is the 2007 Edition of the only book in print in the world about the Single Global Currency, and is the only book in the world priced in 143 currencies (down from 147 in the 2006 edition.).This number is significant, as it's the number of currencies required among the 192 U.N. members to...

This study investigates the determinants of the various components of debt—short- and long-term debt and their categories—in the case of nonfinancial listed firms in Pakistan for the period 2008–10. We make a significant distinction between these determinants depending on the components of...

Europe is the natural space for the integration of the Middle East and North Africa countries (MENA) and the Central and Eastern Europe Countries (CEEC). By their small economic size, these countries revolve around the European pole with which they perform the bulk of their trade. The...

Following Ramsey (1928) theoretical framework, this paper develops a dynamic model where a community is assumed to be importing two forms of foreign capital: external debt and foreign direct investment (FDI). The community is assumed to derive utility from consumption of goods and positive...

While currency crises have been extensively studied, the opposite phenomenon, large appreciations, has been far less researched. We fill this gap by providing an empirical exploration of historical episodes of large real exchange rate appreciations, using a sample of 28 advanced and 25 emerging...