In term of time and space, economic changes are non-ergodic, reform speed and equilibrium is determined by the characteristics of time and space. The great achievements of China's gradual reforms are by no means accidental, time-space dependence and non-ergodic economic changes is consistent...

In the process of non-ergodic economic changes, path dependence and state dependence will become two main constraints of reform; this dependence determined the embeddeded structure of reform and its evolution. This article refined a theoretical framework for analysis reform on the...

A wide range of financial distress has emerged in Chinese higher education sector, and this paper aims to explain it. We pointed out that soft budget constraint is the root cause of the financial distress; our main tasks are to identify the institutional causality of soft budget constraint and...

How different political market structures influence the behaviors of participants and the distribution of benefits was studied n the framework of game theory. Theoretical model showed that in the monopolized political market, the participation surplus of participants would serve as the rents of...

From the perspective of labor division and specialization, we explained the human capital attributes of language, and pointed out the human capital was depended on the acquisition of specialized organizational language which is the standard code system in the process of organizational...

This paper builds an inter-temporal model to study the value and network effects in the process of currency substitution. According to our model, we can define the inaction area and malignant area by taking real interest rate difference and network effect variable as two axes. We also find that...

By drawing on neurological and psychological theories of learning, our study introduces a new conceptual framework to analyse the role learning plays in knowledge and skill acquisition. Learning is modelled through four mechanisms defined as individuals' participation in formal, non-formal, and...

Assume that two players have strict rankings over an even number of indivisible items. We propose algorithms to find allocations of these items that are maximin—maximize the minimum rank of the items that the players receive—and are envy-free and Pareto-optimal if such allocations exist. We...

In January 1999, Hugo Chavez was sworn like the president of the Republic of Venezuela. In the late 1999 was approved the Bolivarian Constitution and was the beginning of the V Republic. Currently, after 14 years, Venezuela is governed by his politic party. This article starts a research work to...

This paper intends to explore the utilization of entropy through football, generalizing the interpretation of entropy. We consider it as a measure of competitiveness of football leagues and relate it to the UEFA ranking, which ranks yearly the performance of countries in European Cups. We expect...