This paper explores the effects of outsourcing on employee well-being through the use of the Finnish linked employer …-employee data. The direct negative effect of outsourcing is attributable to greater job destruction and worker outflow. In terms of … perceived well-being, the winners in international outsourcing are those who are capable of performing interactive tasks (i …

, outsourcing in the North, outsourcing in the South, integrating and outsourcing in the North simultaneously, and integrating in … the North and outsourcing in the South simultaneously, in turn occur with increase of firm-level productivity, as well as …

foreign direct investment (FDI) and international outsourcing. We find that stronger IPR protection in the South raises the … extent of outsourcing and reduces the extent of FDI. This raises the proportion of Southerners being unskilled and mitigates …