This paper studies the cyclical fluctuations of the Middle East and North Africa countries in interaction with world …

is to re-evaluate this object of analysis in the light of the evolution of the theory of fluctuations to which it belongs … (Keynes, Hayek, Hicks) dealt with expectations and their disappointment in their theory of fluctuations. Part II provides … relevance of the theory of fluctuations as one moves from the years of high theory to the more recent years of rational …

It is well known that a one-dimensional discrete-time model may yield endogenous fluctuations while this is impossible … aggregation issue. They have proposed a "random-lags approach" as a way of preserving fluctuations while relaxing the discrete … result that economies at an intermediate level of financial development may be prone to economic fluctuations continues to …

The role of expectations and of their disappointment in determining economic fluctuations was first studied by the … fluctuations and the changes in the time structure of production. Our introduction endeavours to highlight the strengths and …

The aim of this paper is to answer a simple question: Are fluctuations, and especially temporary decline, in …