The study seeks to investigate empirically the direction and shape of causality among trade openness, investment and … openness, national income growth and total investment. Furthermore, empirical results of Granger causality confirm that there … exists unidirectional causality between economic growth and investment; between trade openness and economic growth; and …

especially the planners from the Central Planning Office argued that the only way out is by significant increase of investment … intensive, the uninterrupted growth requires permanently increasing share of investment in the National Income. The opposite … share of investment in National income is not necessary and would be in fact harmful. The further slowing down of the growth …

We investigate the effects of fiscal policy on private consumption and investment in the European Union. A certain … spending lead to positive and significant effects on private consumption and private investment. According to our baseline … private investment. The effects are substantial, and die out slowly (faster in the case of private consumption). A further …

We investigate the effects of fiscal policy on private consumption and investment in the European Union. A certain … spending lead to positive and significant effects on private consumption and private investment. According to our baseline … private investment. The effects are substantial, and die out slowly in the case of private consumption (0.63% cumulative …

banks that are franchises of the ECB, (2) the secundary savings and loans banks, and (3) the tertiary investment banks. The …

of consumers’ sentiment, the impact of fiscal policy and the effect of non-optimal investment decisions made by firms. In … considered; and in the third case, firms adopt a pro-cyclical behaviour concerning investment choices. We study the stability …