use the OECD-REGPAT dataset, that includes patent applications made by European inventors and applicants to EPO in the … order to reduce biases we use patent applications by region of the inventor, as its linkage to the territory is stronger … in patent applications and R&D expenditure. Richer regions in terms of GDP – generally those of central-western Europe …

appropriate for computer software, as it may decrease both ex-ante incentives to innovation and ex-post efficiency of diffusion …

An extensive empirical literature indicates that returns from innovation are appropriated primarily via mechanisms … assumes the pure nonrivalry of `ideas' with its implication that, in the absence of intellectual property, innovation (and … welfare) is zero. This paper introduces a formal model of innovation based on imperfect competition in which imitation is …

appropriation. 2)For both product and process innovations, patents are the least effective means of appropriation. In general …, patents are viewed by R&D managers as an effective means of protecting the competitive advantages of new technolgy in the … around" is seen as the most important constraint on the effectiveness of patents. …

three economic areas: USA, Japan and Europe and we select their environmental and dirty patents from European Patent Office … for international firms engaged both in environmental and in dirty activities. Firms' innovation, measured, as the … development of new patents, is a key factor behind the achievement of desired economic performances. Empirical literature usually …

the second scenario. Such conditions imply the existence of an inverse-U shaped relationship between innovation and …

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection in terms of its impact on innovation and technology transfer, as well as economic … surveying the theoretical and empirical literature linking the protection of IPRs to economic growth, innovation and technology …

A special characteristic of the patent system is that it features multiple patent-policy levers that can be employed by … policymakers. In this study, we develop a quality-ladder model to analyze the optimal mix of patent instruments. Specifically, we … consider (a) patent breadth and (b) the division of profit in research joint ventures. We analytically derive optimal patent …