The paper presents the results of a research on railway regulation and liberalisation in Italy, France, Germany and … Spain. The analysed fields of regulation are the relationship between the State and the rail companies, network access …. The aim of the paper is to give a comparative overview of the rail regulation from a critical point of view, rather than …

This paper examines the regulation of distribution system operators (DSOs) focused on the Czech electricity market. It …

across populations, and that specifically targeted “bottom-up” regulation from the demand-side could usefully address these …

regulation of incumbent local telephone carriers. The article suggests that the time is right to shift from a regime of a priori …

-looking incumbents in telecommunications and electricity rapidly transformed themselves into some of the world’s leading Multinationals … and internationalization. Using correlation and cluster analysis of the sample of all major EU telecoms and electricity …

This guide provides a critical review of the economics literature on the desirability and the effects of unbundling the … local loop. Firstly, we discuss recent contributions, which aim to quantify the effect of unbundling regulations on the … development of broadband services. Secondly, we review the literature on the potential impact of unbundling on investment and …

This paper shows that unbundling an incumbent's infrastructure only results in a substantial improvement in broadband … countries showed that GDP per capita, population, competition and unbundling are all factors that can lead a carrier to provide … broadband services in a country. The logit models show that unbundling has a significant positive impact on the availability of …

, electricity and telecommunications, in two large countries, Spain and the United Kingdom. In telecommunications, but to a much … lesser extent in electricity, we find evidence that reform has led to a “two-track” Europe, where citizens who are elderly …

resources such as electricity and gas that are not captured by market prices. Washington State possesses diverse resources that …

, PPP, price cap, etc.), the paper is structured by modes. For each infrastructure type (national roads, highways, railways … implications. National roads and railways are financed by general budget on the basis of a planning activity usually carried by the … overinvestment. The last section will provide recommendations for a more efficient regulation. …