The debate of environmental issues and their analysis is of vital interest for economic policies. Institutions are engaged in identifying and estimating the extent of environmental impact of determinants controllable via policy measures. Annual data from the on Carbon Dioxide emission, economic...

Tests for causality and rationality in the coffee futures market were carried out using data from the New York Market. Tests of causality indicated that futures prices strongly influence variations in spot price eight weeks or more to maturity. However, beginning seven weeks to maturity there...

This study attempts to examine empirically dynamic causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption, income, and foreign trade in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1960-2005. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the...

This study empirically investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Nigeria during 1970-2006. This study suggests that the endowment of natural resources, trade intensity, macroeconomic risk factors like inflation and exchange rates are significant determinants of FDI flow...

Global reliance on Hydrocarbon sector has dramatically increased multi-fold which has led to rise to dominance of GCC. GCC is home to 45% of the proven oil reserves and contributes nearly 35% of the world oil exports annually. With such heavy reliance of the world on GCC for its oil produce, and...

The goal of this paper is to test for the presence of long memory in final energy demand in Portugal. Our findings suggest the presence of long memory in aggregate and disaggregate energy demand in Portugal. All fractional-difference parameters are positive and lower than 0.5 indicating that the...

Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) has been increasingly used by various central banks for assessing the direction and strength of economic activity. One of the sub-indices or component level information provided by PMI is that of industrial input and output prices trends as surveyed...

Exchange rate remains one of the principal determinants of a nation’s external balance and fiscal status of most emerging economies. How better its fluctuation is managed has a long way to go with the performance of major macroeconomic variables in a country. It is behind this backdrop that...

The study aims at investigating, whether or not the cost channel of monetary policy is effective in Pakistan. The cost channel is one of the theoretical justifications of Price Puzzle, a phenomenon that has been observed in a number of empirical studies. Using Structural Vector Autoregression...

As inflation looks forever transactions, while, under the assumption of closed economy and Okun's law, we can consider that the ultimate goal of economic policy is to increase economic growth, about the debate on the suitable foreign exchange regime for Sub-Saharan African economies in the Cfa...