results show that DE (with the exponential crossover scheme) mostly fails to find the optimum of most of these functions. Of … as the dimension is increased. In case of DCS function, it works well up to m (dimension) = 5. When we use no crossover …-sum functions the advantage is clear. Whether crossover or no crossover, DE falters when the optimand function has some element of …

of 20 strategies, fitness-proportional selection, single-point crossover with Pc=0.7, and mutation with Pm=0.001. …