We propose a general class of non-constant volatility models with dependence on the past. The framework includes path-dependent volatility models such as that by Hobson&Rogers and also path dependent contracts such as options of Asian style. A key feature of the model is that market completeness...

The Black Scholes Model (BSM) is one of the most important concepts in modern financial theory both in terms of approach and applicability. The BSM is considered the standard model for valuing options; a model of price variation over time of financial instruments such as stocks that can, among...

Options are historically being priced using Black Scholes option pricing model and one of the prominent features of it is normal distribution. In this research paper I will calculate European call options using log logistic distribution instead of normal distribution. My argument is that a model...

This paper derives efficient pricing formulae for renewable energy Feed-in Tariff (FiT) designs that incorporate exposure to uncertain market prices by using option pricing theory. Such FiT designs are presented as a means to delineate market price risk amongst investors and policymakers when...

An anchoring adjusted option pricing model is put forward in which the risk of the underlying stock is used as a starting point that gets adjusted upwards to estimate call option risk. Anchoring bias implies that such adjustments are insufficient. Black-Scholes formula is a special case with no...

By using the daily values of USD-TL and Euro-TL denominated European call and put option contracts, which are traded in the over-the-counter market, this study investigates whether there is a significant difference among the premiums of the contracts forecasted by historical volatility, EWMA(l...

In derivatives modelling, it has often been necessary to make assumptions about the volatility of the underlying variable over the life of the contract. This can involve specifying an exact trajectory, as in the Black and Scholes (1973), Merton (1973) or Black (1976) models; one that depends on...

A new alternative diffusion model for asset price movements is presented. In contrast to the popular approach of Brownian motion it proposes deterministic diffusion for the modelling of stock price movements. These diffusion processes are a new area of physical research and can be created by the...

This paper reports several entirely new results on financial market dynamics and option pricing We observe that empirical distributions of returns are much better approximated by an exponential distribution than by a Gaussian. This exponential distribution of asset prices can be used to develop...

This paper provides an indepth analysis of Irredeemable Convertible Unsecured Loan Stocks or ICULS. A Malaysian variant of the convertible bond, ICULS are a hybrid security. Despite their introduction and trading since the late 1980’s, not much work have been done on them. This paper presents...