Agriculture and rural development are one of the key pillars of the European Union. Macedonia as a country candidate for joining EU is entitled to financial premises of the European Instrument for Pre-Accession Rural Development (IPARD). The importance of agriculture and rural development for...

Small and medium-sized enterprises have large difficulties in gaining funding from external sources for their development. These enterprises are strongly anchored in their regional environment, thus analysis of financial support is especially essential on a regional level. The aim of the paper...

The practice shows that small and medium-sized enterprises have large difficulties in gaining funding from external sources for their development. These enterprises are strongly anchored in their regional environment, thus analysis of financial support is especially essential on a regional...

The article analyzes the current condition of financial support of higher education institutions in Ukraine. The peculiarities of budget financing of higher education are defined in the article. Authors proved possible directions of improvement of financial maintenance of higher education...

We analyze the optimal regulation of a MFI that has private information on the intrinsic quality of its loan portfolio (adverse selection) and where the MFI’s choice of effort to improve this quality cannot be observed by the regulator (moral hazard). In designing optimal contracts the...

This paper looks at the determinants and effects of exchange rate exposure using data on 500 Indian firms over the period 1995-2011. Unlike the existing papers in the literature, we use a measure of `operational` currency exposure based on foreign currency revenues and costs of firms. Among...

This paper examines the positions of Coase and Pigou in regard to the problem of external effects (externalities). Assessing their two most important works, it appears that Coase has a more relevant preference for an evaluation of total efficiency, while Pigou, with some exceptions, is convinced...

This paper not only recommends means whereby principal-agent problems could be addressed, but also considers various ways in which the external auditor and audit committees contribute as corporate governance tools. The impact of bank regulations on risk taking and the need for a consideration of...

The standard explanation of wage rigidity in principal agent and in efficiency wage models is related to worker risk-aversion. However, these explanations do not consider at least two important classes of empirical evidence: (1) In worker cooperatives workers appear to behave in a less risk...

Ten years ago, sovereign bond markets almost universally adopted so-called collective action clauses after years of public sector pressure for more efficient procedures to cope with sovereign default and restructuring. A second policy initiative, the standard appointment of a trustee to...