the cointegration and error correction modeling strategies to tackle the problem of non-stationary data. Two different … variant of cointegration technique have been employed and in either case a valid long run positive relationship has been found …

power for both GDP growth and excess stock returns, and that the results are robust to the inclusion of information …

running from stock market capitalization and trade openness to real GDP. In the short run, an increase in stock market …

running from stock market capitalization and trade openness to real GDP. In the short run, stock market capitalization does …-run relationship shows that both market capitalization and trade openness are important determinants of real GDP. Based upon the …

developing countries. Using bounds testing for cointegration, the results do not support a positive correlation between savings …

. Stationarity tests reveal that both series are non-stationary, or I(1). Moreover, we found a cointegration relationship between the … two variables. The short-run dynamics of the variables show that the flow of causality runs from energy use to GDP, and … conclude that energy is a limiting factor to GDP growth in Italy. …

positive signs in the cointegration equation. The results show that imports and exports Granger caused GDP and imports Granger …This study utilizes cointegration and Granger-causality tests to examine the relationship between trade and economic …. Import expansion increases exports that affect the GDP growth. …

The growth rate of real GDP per capita in the biggest OECD countries is represented as a sum of two components – a … growth rate is modelled by an inverse function of real GDP per capita with a constant numerator. This numerator is equivalent … to a constant annual increment of real GDP per capita. For the most advanced economies, the GDP estimates between 1950 …