China has experienced several episodes of inflation in recent years. Popular arguments attribute these episodes to relatively high growth rates of money, which were then primarily explained by China’s accumulation of foreign exchange reserves and the undervaluation of RMB. We attempt to...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the functional transformation of the main Warsaw shopping streets in 1996-2010 in terms of their retail and services offer. The analysis was based on data on business entities of selected branches located in Warsaw downtown. The analyzed period was a time of...

Two important, increasing trends for those concerned about climate change to consider are urbanization/the importance of cities and energy used in transport—particularly energy used to achieve personal mobility. While national urbanization levels are not a good indicator of urban transport...

The quintessence of the Isobenefit Urbanism presented here, is to offer fair, walkable and green cities. Its three cornerstones are Modernity, Humanity and Naturality, which are exposed by five principles. The latter, rather then describe The ideal city, which doesn’t exist outside our own...

These couple of pages discuss upon the retroactive influence (Systemic Retroactive game, or SyR) between people’s behaviour and environment. The latter is intended as physical environment (type of cities, climate, geography…), normative environment (laws), moral environment (religions,...

In recent years, the largest Polish cities have experienced intensive suburbanization processes. People migrate to suburban communes and hitherto undeveloped areas change their function towards single- or multi-family residential neighbourhoods. Spontaneous and dispersed suburbanization...

Abstract Currently, management devolution and engagement of local stakeholders - expected to have better information - is seen as key to effective environmental management. Often, the absence of clear property rights and/or supporting market institutions leaves management decisions to a...

Ibiza, one the world’s major tourist destinations, necessarily welcomes visitors from multiple family environments and socioeconomic condition. Such multi-faceted demand is met by a broad range of accommodation options, largely varying in type and category. Now, by analyzing the effect of this...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the interplay between production, commuting and commuting and costs shapes the economy at intra-urban level. Specifically, we study how economic integration affects the internal stricture of cities and how decentralizing of production and...

The aim of this paper is to explore the structure of cities as a function of labor differentiation, gains to trade, a fixed cost for constructing the transportation network, a variable cost of commodity transport, and the commuting costs of consumers. Firms use different types of labor to...