officials who permitted them. How voters responded to these in the 2002 parliamentary elections is investigated, using cross …

be relatively young, with many new parties and candidates in the political scene. This means elections occur under a high … of elections as a game of incomplete information to explore how uncertainty, candidates’ motivation (policy vs. office …

developed and developing countries, the hypothesis that rapid growth helps incumbents win elections has been tested exclusively … statistically robust effect of growth on the prospects of the candidates of the state incumbent parties to win elections …. Specifically, we use the data on 422 candidates in the 2009 parliamentary elections and show that the candidates of incumbent …

conformity exerted a strong, persistent, and predictable influence on voting in national elections from 1991 to 2003. This … analysis examines how the effect of social conformity on Russian voters might have changed from earlier elections as a result … aligns with the interests of voters, and whether this type of analysis can speak to fairness of the elections. …

Ghana’s 2008 elections have been hailed by national and international observers as a model for Africa. This perception … dangerous time bomb of unresolved conflict which could explode in future elections. …

Using data drawn from a survey conducted shortly after the 2002 elections, we investigate the Justice and Development …