This paper reviews the available evidence on the relevance of the Porter hypothesis for automotive emission standards. It focuses on two channels through which the Porter effect may operate. First, there is evidence that emission standards for cars have had important effects on innovation at...

We estimate a discrete-continuous model of vehicle demand and use for the Belgian region of Flanders, combining the results of the official regional travel survey with a detailed database of vehicle characteristics. The overall predictive value of the submodel predicting the number of vehicles...

In 2007-2008, ARCADIS has conducted a study on behalf of the Flemish government, with as main objectives a review and a critical analysis of the existing calculations of environmental health costs in Flanders. This study covers the effects on human health of air pollution due to particulates and...