This paper attempts to estimate the size of underground economy in Iran and to identify the elements having taken a role in the creation of the same for the period 1961-2001 by using modified currency ratio method as a monetary approach to the estimation of the size of underground economy....

This paper develops a demographic model of the currency population by examining the birth and death rates of specific denominations of currency. This framework permits empirical estimation of the average lifetime of notes in circulation and hence the currency velocity (turnovers per year) of...

This paper examines the ‘currency enigma” which arises because despite financial innovation that has created important new substitutes for cash usage, U.S. per capita currency holdings now amount to $2700. American households and businesses admit to holding only 15 percent of the stock of...

This empirical paper investigates an important economic relationships, subject of great interest and currently open to debate: the link between underground employment and unemployment. While the literature is unanimous in considering underground employment and unemployment as strongly connected...

Using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model (DSGE) in which the levels of evasion of the firms and the allocation of work and capital to an underground sector of the economy are endogenously determined, we exercise different policies in scenes with anticipated and not anticipated...

It is important to note that in rationalizing the low GDP, there are those who believe that the officially reported GDP is only a part of the total actual real GDP. That is, some believe that a large part of Iranian economy is not reported. Therefore, there is a great deal of underground...

This empirical paper investigates two important and controversial economic relationship: the link between underground employment and unemployment, and the connection among underground economy and local factors. The key results of this analysis are two. The first: the causality relationship...

This short paper shows the interdependence of taxation and monitoring policy in a search and matching model of equilibrium unemployment with an underground sector. More precisely, from a social welfare standpoint, two options are available to the policy maker: s/he may either substitute a...

This paper develops a labour market matching model in order to address the problem of the persistence of the hidden sector and of its regional concentration, as in Italy and in the enlarged Europe. The main novel features of the model are that entrepreneurial ability affects job productivity,...

Relying on the non-negligible role played by the underground economy in the labour market fluctuations, this paper extends the standard matching model à la Mortensen-Pissarides by introducing an underground sector along with an endogenous sector choice for both entrepreneurs and workers. These...