The purpose of this paper was to study the productivity where renewable energy resources and non-renewable resources for generating electricity in power plants connected to the national grid of Nicaragua were used. This article analyzed the total factor productivity of Bioeconomy for the...

In spite of the intention of governments to increase the use of renewable energy in electricity supply, particularly the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) for energy poverty reduction in rural and peri-urban areas of Africa, there is relatively little information on how solar PV electrification...

This paper discusses the forces behind the rise of the service sector - the tertiary sector - in modern economies, and examines the different roles played by the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the process of economic growth.

This report provides an overview of the modified version of the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) Calculator model. In this report, we describe the inputs and outputs of the modified model, show the method used for updating demand and the resulting effects on the outputs, explain the procedures...

Employment in electricity generation from renewable resources has expanded rapidly in the US and in Texas during the last decade. Availability of the Production Tax Credit has been an important driver of this growth. Using a fully-disclosed establishment-level employment and payroll data set for...

The main objective of the paper is to analyze the effects on economic agents’ behavior deriving from the introduction of financial activities aimed to environmental protection. The environmental protection mechanism we study should permit exchange of financial activities among citizens, firms,...

Costa Rica pioneered the use of the payments for environmental services (PES) approach in developing countries by establishing a formal, country-wide program of payments, the PSA program. The PSA program has worked hard to develop mechanisms to charge the users of environmental services for the...

This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics and suggests a holistic framework for analysis of management agro-ecosystem services. That new approach for analyses and assessment of management of agro-ecosystem services includes: definition of the...

These notes are a summary of the main ideas, questions and interpretations raised by experts at the “Roundtable fifteen years of the National Environmental System (SINA): evaluation and perspectives”, with the active participation of Minister Juan Lozano and the Vice Minister Claudia Mora,...

This article examines the potential to create an energy independent smart network for an island community utilizing ocean and wind energy. The analysis involves the simulation of an extensive electrification of the heat and transport sectors on the island and the use of renewable energy to...