This paper reports a new theorem and proof for optimizing the advertising budget. The theorem is that the optimal rate of advertising is equal to gross profit multiplied by advertising elasticity. This does not involve a ratio of elasticities, and so is an advance on the Dorfman-Steiner theorem...

This paper reports a new theorem and proof for optimizing the advertising budget. The theorem is that the optimal rate of advertising is equal to gross profit multiplied by advertising elasticity. This does not involve a ratio of elasticities, and so is an advance on the Dorfman-Steiner theorem...

This paper aims to develop a detailed analysis of quasi-fiscal deficits and subsidies, and their impact on Armenia’s fiscal performance in the second part of the 90-s. Based on the flow-of-funds approach, we estimate the magnitude of the quasi-fiscal deficits and the incidence of quasi-fiscal...

This paper proposes a model to study how conditional lending and immediate liquidity provision affect incentives for fiscal adjustment in a country facing the risk of sovereign default. Conditional lending provides explicit incentives for fiscal adjustment but immediate liquidity provision is...

We build a New Keynesian model with imperfectly competitive goods markets and heterogeneous people and examine their impact on fiscal multipliers and on the net increase in output and expenditure caused by fiscal policies, using the balanced budget multiplier. Results show that in highly unequal...

Within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the gender equality in education is considered one of the most challenging goals for most developing economies. Using Panel Least Square with Regional Dummies (LSDV) for a sample of Developing countries over the period 1990 to 2014,...

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it presents a very concise way of measuring fiscal stance. This procedure is based on the assumption that the ‘neutral change’ in the government budget can best be simulated with a long-term approximation of the underlying trend of total output....

This paper discusses the development of public expenditure in the Netherlands since 1850. Why did public expenditure increase from 14% GDP in 1850, nearly 20% in 1921, 30% GDP in 1950 and over 60% GDP in 1983? Dutch public expenditure has fallen to less than 50% GDP in 2003. Why did this...

This study proposes a comparative analysis at regional level, of concentration level of expenditure co-financed by the Structural Funds in the programming period 2007/13. For main types of expenditure, we evaluate by the concentration index of Herfindahl-Hirschman the level of concentration of...