a significant and non-negligible portion of the social exclusion suffered by lesbian and gay couples cannot be accounted … literature, we find a differentiated impact on gay men and lesbian couples. However, and possibly more relevantly, we also find …

gay employees is higher for skilled workers than for the unskilled, and – in both sectors – the wage penalty is higher for …

This paper studies the effect of trade openness on output volatility. We find that trade openness generally increased … we split the sample into developed and developing countries, we observe that more openness increased volatility in … increased volatility in less developed countries. Part of the positive relation between openness and volatility may be explained …

The results of empirical studies on the 1980 Turkish economic reform programme frequently suggest that openness has a … positive impact on growth in Turkey. However, the results of empirical literature on the relationship between openness and … growth have always been under criticism for using openness variables,which are not objective measures of openness, involve …

implications of trade openness. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between trade openness and government …-run linkage between trade openness and government expenditure of all the ASEAN-4 countries under study. This means that government …

The literature that study the positive relation between openness and growth is extensive, but the discussion about it … and the influence of the openness´ channels. The channels in study are: technology transmition, exports, price distortion …, size of Government and foreign direct investment. The results report that openness influence growth through different links …