This article examined the exchange rate movements and their impact on the external balances in the 1990s in the selected ASEAN countries. The main findings are as follows. The real effective exchange rate (REER) - the relative prices against the world competitors - shows a trend of appreciation...

The paper aims to find the long run and the short run relationships between trade balance, income, money supply, and real effective exchange rate for the period 1980 to 2011 in the case of Pakistan. The analysis is based on bounds testing approach to co-integration and error correction models,...

This paper analyzes the factors that play an important role in determining private investment in Pakistan using annual data for the period 1970-2006. The econometric tests undertaken support the view that private sector output, net capital inflows to the private sector, total sources of funds...

The study examines the relationship between private and public investment in Zimbabwe utilizing yearly time series data for the period 1970 to 2007. Emphasis is placed on the direction of causality and the effect of the two types of investment on each other. The paper constructs empirical models...

The purpose of this research is to test and evaluate the crowding-out effect of the investment expenditure in public sector on the investment effort by private sector by using data from Moroccan Economy. After the theoretical background of crowding-out effects in many domains of investment, we...

This paper investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship between the real private and total public investment disaggregated into government and public enterprises investment in Saudi Arabia by using the weak exogeneity and ARDL cointegration tests after using Engle-Granger and...

The paper critically analyzes the effect of budget deficit on private and public investment. Annual data for the period 1960-2005, taken from Economic Survey of Pakistan and International Financial Statistic is used for analysis. Simultaneous equation model is used for estimation. The study...

Sovereign default is often associated with disturbances in a country’s trade relations. Often the defaulter’s currency depreciates while trade volume falls drastically. This paper develops a model to incorporate real depreciation along with sovereign bankruptcy. The exchange rate is...

This paper investigates the effect of real exchange rate on the balance of trade of Cote d’Ivoire using multivariate cointegration tests and vector error correction models with time series data covering the periods of 1975-2007. Our investigation results confirm the existence of long-run...