-cyclical to home country volatility but counter-cyclical to the volatility in host countries. This result does not hold for high … income counties for which remittance inflows are acyclical to home country volatility but pro-cyclical to the volatility in … host countries. For a host country, remittance outflows are counter-cyclical to the volatility of home countries. Trade …

Iranian government budget on military over the last decade has been higher than the average of the world. The current …

This study examines the effects of terms of trade and its volatility on economic growth for a sample of 94 developed … estimation results indicate significant positive effect of terms of trade on economic growth. Furthermore, volatility of terms of … has been performed using different additional variables, sample size and various proxies of volatility variable. The …

, growth volatility emerge. This indeterminacy can be eliminated by an institutional mechanism that commits to a minimum level … growth path, we argue that such structural differences can account for the negative correlation between volatility and growth. …

This paper investigated the effect of terms of trade growth and its volatility on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa … effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the result proved that volatility of net barter terms of trade and income terms of … volatility measures. …