The formal representation of economic theories normally takes the form of a model, that is, a system of equations which connect the endogenous variables with the values of the parameters which are taken as given. Sometimes, it is possible to identify one or more equations which are able to...

This is an essay on the concept of causality in economics, both in an ontological and in a gnoseological sense. That is both as a 'causa essendi' and as a 'causa cognoscendi'.

Co-movements in equity markets may reflect either financial contagion or stock market integration. While the former tends to demonstrate financial stability and resiliency, the latter has played an important role for stock market development. This paper attempts to investigate the co-movements,...

In this paper, we studied the spillover effect among four financial markets from MENA area during a period that was characterized by political instability. The countries chosen are also signatories of an agreement of free trade in order to liberalize the movement flowing of their capitals. As...

Our study measures co-movements in Islamic and conventional equity markets, to discover contagion and to measure integration level. We apply wavelet decomposition to unveil the multi-horizon nature of co-movement. We find that the subprime crisis generates fundamental-based contagion for both...

Regional free trade zones have been unexpectedly successful in the last decade. Since 1980 the European Community enlarged significantly its membership and its scope. It now includes southern European countries, and market-integrating features allowing goods, people, services and capital to flow...

Regional free trade zones have been unexpectedly successful in the last decade. Since 1980 the European Community enlarged significantly its membership and its scope. It now includes southern European countries, and market-integrating features allowing goods, people, services and capital to flow...